/*
 * Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Red Hat Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of
 * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
 *
 */
package com.arsdigita.dispatcher;

import com.arsdigita.developersupport.DeveloperSupport;
import com.arsdigita.kernel.Kernel;
import com.arsdigita.util.StringUtils;
import com.arsdigita.util.UncheckedWrapperException;
import com.arsdigita.web.RedirectSignal;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Vector;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

/**
 * Contains functions common to all
 * entry-point dispatcher servlets in the core.  Any dispatcher that
 * is the first in its chain to handle an HTTP request must also be a
 * servlet and should extend this class.
 *
 * <p>You do <em>not</em> need to extend this class unless your
 * dispatcher is also a servlet and is mounted in web.xml.  In any
 * given ACS installation, you generally only have one servlet that is
 * mounted through web.xml, and that is usually the
 * <code>com.arsdigita.sitenode.SiteNodeDispatcher</code>, mapped to URL
 * "/".
 *
 * <p>When a request comes in:
 *
 * <ul> <li>first we try to serve a concrete file that matches the URL
 * (for example, if the URL is /dir/image.gif, try to serve
 * $docroot/dir/image.gif)
 *
 * <li>if the URL has no extension we assume it is a virtual directory.
 * if there is no trailing slash, redirect to URL + "/".
 *
 * <li>if the URL has no extension and a trailing slash, it is treated
 * as a directory.  If the directory exists as a concrete directory
 * on disk, and has a welcome file (index.*) then serve as a directory
 * by forwarding to the "default" servlet.
 *
 * <li>if there is no concrete match for the URL on disk, we set up a
 * RequestContext object that acts as a request wrapper storing
 * metadata about the request; and call the <code>dispatch</code>
 * method.
 *
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author Bill Schneider
 * @version ACS 4.5
 * @since 4.5
 **/
public abstract class BaseDispatcherServlet extends HttpServlet
        implements Dispatcher, DispatcherConstants {
    public static final String versionId =
        "$Id: BaseDispatcherServlet.java 287 2005-02-22 00:29:02Z sskracic $";

    private static final Logger s_log = Logger.getLogger
        (BaseDispatcherServlet.class);

    private final static int NOT_FOUND = 0;
    private final static int STATIC_FILE = 1;
    private final static int JSP_FILE = 2;

    private final static String WEB_XML_22_PUBLIC_ID =
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.2//EN";
    private final static String WEB_XML_23_PUBLIC_ID =
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN";

    /**
     * We use a Vector here instead of another collection because
     * Vector is synchronized.
     */
    private static Vector s_listenerList = new Vector();

    /**
     * list of active requests
     */
    private static Vector s_activeList = new Vector();

    static {
        // Add the basic request listeners.

        BaseDispatcherServlet.addRequestListener(new RequestListener() {
                public void requestStarted(RequestEvent re) {
                    DispatcherHelper.setRequest(re.getRequest());
                }

                public void requestFinished(RequestEvent re) {
                    // We could do this:
                    // DispatcherHelper.setRequest(null);
                    // but some later RequestListener might want to access
                    // the request or session.  So we'll just let the
                    // DispatcherHelper hang on to one stale
                    // HttpServletRequest (per thread).  The reference will
                    // be overwritten on the next request, so we keep only
                    // a small amount of garbage.
                }
            });

        BaseDispatcherServlet.addRequestListener(new RequestListener() {
                public void requestStarted(RequestEvent re) {
                    Kernel.getContext().getTransaction().begin();
                }

                public void requestFinished(RequestEvent re) {
                    Kernel.getContext().getTransaction().end();
                }
            });

        //log to DeveloperSupport
//        BaseDispatcherServlet.addRequestListener(new RequestListener() {
//                public void requestStarted(RequestEvent re) {
//                    com.arsdigita.developersupport.DeveloperSupport.requestStart(re);
//                }
//
//                public void requestFinished(RequestEvent re) {
//                    com.arsdigita.developersupport.DeveloperSupport.requestEnd(re);
//                }
//            });

        /*
         * NOTE: If we ever remove this DeveloperSupportListener, we need to update
         * com.redhat.persistence.engine.rdbms.RDBMSEngine.execute() because
         * it depends upon there being at least one DeveloperSupportListener when counting
         * whether to log queries to webdevsupport.
         */
        com.arsdigita.developersupport.DeveloperSupport.addListener
            (new com.arsdigita.developersupport.DeveloperSupportListener() {
                    public void requestStart(Object request) {
                        s_log.debug("DS: requestStart: " + request);
                    }

                    public void requestEnd(Object request) {
                        s_log.debug("DS: requestEnd: " + request);
                    }
                }
             );
    }

    private List m_welcomeFiles = new ArrayList();

    /**
     * Reads web.xml to get the configured list of welcome files.
     * We have to read web.xml ourselves because there is no public
     * API to get this information from the ServletContext.
     */
    public synchronized void init() throws ServletException {
        super.init();
        try {
            File file =
                new File(getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/web.xml"));
            // all we care about is the welcome-file-list element
            SAXParserFactory spf = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
            spf.setValidating(false);
            SAXParser parser = spf.newSAXParser();
            parser.parse(file, new WebXMLReader());
        } catch (SAXException se) {
            s_log.error("error in init", se);
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException pce) {
            s_log.error("error in init", pce);
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            s_log.error("error in init", ioe);
        }
        // default to index.jsp, index.html
        if (m_welcomeFiles.isEmpty()) {
            m_welcomeFiles.add("index.jsp");
            m_welcomeFiles.add("index.html");
        }
        getServletContext().setAttribute(WELCOME_FILES, m_welcomeFiles);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a request listener to <code>this</code>.
     * @param rl the <code>RequestListener</code> to add to the
     * listener list
     */
    public static void addRequestListener(RequestListener rl) {
        s_listenerList.add(rl);
    }

    /**
     * A placeholder method for performing user authentication during
     * request processing.  Subclasses should override this method.
     *
     * @param req the current servlet request object
     * @param req the current servlet response object
     * @param req the current request context
     * @return the updated request context (which may be the same as the context
     * context parameter).
     *
     * @throws com.arsdigita.dispatcher.RedirectException if the dispatcher
     * should redirect the client to the page contained in the exception
     **/
    protected abstract RequestContext authenticateUser
        (HttpServletRequest req,
         HttpServletResponse resp,
         RequestContext ctx)
        throws RedirectException;

    /**
     * Called directly by the servlet container when this servlet is invoked
     * from a URL request.  First tries to dispatch the URL to a
     * concrete file on disk, if there is a matching file.  Otherwise,
     * sets up an initial RequestContext, tries to
     * identify the user/session, parses form variables, and wraps the
     * request object to handle multipart forms if necessary.  Calls
     * the <code>dispatch</code> method as declared in implementing
     * subclasses.
     * @param req the servlet request
     * @param resp the servlet response
     * @throws javax.servlet.ServletException re-thrown when
     *  <code>dispatch</code> throws an exception
     * @throws java.io.IOException re-thrown when <code>dispatch</code>
     * throws an IOException
     */
    public void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException {

        if (s_log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            s_log.debug
                ("\n*** *** *** *** *** ***\n" +
                 "Servicing request for URL '" + req.getRequestURI() + "'\n" +
                 "*** *** *** *** *** ***");
        }

        boolean reentrant = true;
        RequestContext reqCtx =
            DispatcherHelper.getRequestContext(req);
        boolean finishedNormal = false;

        // there are two types of re-entrancy we need to consider:
        // * forwarded requests specified by the application,
        //  where the forwarded request is picked up by a subclass
        // of BDS.  (e.g., SND forwards /foo/bar to
        // /packages/foo/www/bar.jsp)
        // * a secondary request, forwarded by the CONTAINER in response
        // to an exception thrown from service(), after the first request
        //  completes
        //
        // in the FIRST case, we need to guard against running
        // the start/end listeners again.  in the SECOND case,
        // we need to treat this like a new request so that
        // we open a transaction, etc. for serving the error page.

        // wrap entire rest of method in try-catch block.  that way if
        // some method call throws ServletException or IOException,
        // implicitly exiting the service method, we'll still be able
        // to free up the database connection in a finally.

        // STEP #1: if no extension, treat as directory;
        // make sure we have a trailing slash. and redirect
        //otherwise.

        DispatcherHelper.setRequest(req);

        if (trailingSlashRedirect(req, resp)) {
            // note, this is OUTSIDE of try/catch/finally.  No
            // listeners of any kind are run!
            return;
        }

        // STEP #2: try to serve concrete static file, if one exists.
        // (defer serving concrete JSPs until after listeners run)
        int concreteFileType = concreteFileType(req);
        if (concreteFileType == STATIC_FILE) {
            s_log.debug("Setting world cache headers on static file");
            DispatcherHelper.cacheForWorld(resp);
            DispatcherHelper.forwardRequestByName("default", req, resp,
                                                  getServletContext());
            return;
        }

        try {
            if (req.getAttribute(REENTRANCE_ATTRIBUTE) == null) {
                reentrant = false;

                waitForPreviousRequestToFinish(req);

                // need an identifier for this particular request
                String requestId =
                    Thread.currentThread().getName() + "|" +
                    System.currentTimeMillis();
                req.setAttribute(REENTRANCE_ATTRIBUTE, requestId);
                s_activeList.add(requestId);

                DeveloperSupport.startStage("BaseDispatcherServlet.service()");

                try {
                    // first time through:
                    // do all actions that must be done initially on hit
                    StartRequestRecord srr = startRequest(req, resp);
                    reqCtx = srr.m_reqCtx;
                    req = srr.m_req;
                    s_log.debug("After startRequest the request is now " + req);
                } catch (RedirectException re) {
                    final String url = re.getRedirectURL();

                    resp.sendRedirect(resp.encodeRedirectURL(url));

                    return;
                }
            } else {
                req = DispatcherHelper.maybeWrapRequest(req);

                // if we're handling a secondary request for an
                // error, but we haven't run the finally ... block
                // on the primary request yet (this happens when
                // sendError is called explicitly, as opposed to when
                // the container calls sendError(500...) in response
                // to an exception rethrown here) we DON'T run the
                // request listeners.  BUT we need to clear
                // the request context.
                if (req.getAttribute(ERROR_REQUEST_ATTRIBUTE) != null
                    || req.getAttribute(JSP_EXCEPTION_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
                    // reset URL boookeeping but don't wipe out
                    // whole object since it might actually be a
                    // KernelRequestContext with user / session info
                    if (reqCtx instanceof InitialRequestContext) {
                        ((InitialRequestContext)reqCtx)
                            .initializeURLFromRequest(req, true);
                    }
                }
            }
            // finally, call dispatch
            finishedNormal = false;

            if (concreteFileType == JSP_FILE) {
                // STEP #3: dispatch to a concrete JSP if we have a matching
                // one
                DispatcherHelper.forwardRequestByName("jsp", req, resp);
            } else {
                // STEP #4: if no concrete file exists, dispatch to
                // implementing class
                dispatch(req, resp, reqCtx);
            }

            // if JSP already dispatched to error page, no exception
            // will be thrown.  have to check for attribute manually.
            if (req.getAttribute(JSP_EXCEPTION_ATTRIBUTE) == null) {
                finishedNormal = true;
            }
        } catch (AbortRequestSignal ars) {
            // treat this as a normal end of request and
            // try to commit
            finishedNormal = true;
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            s_log.error("error in BaseDispatcherServlet", ioe);
            throw ioe;
        } catch (ServletException se) {
            // SDM #140226, improved handling of
            // ServletException.getRootCause()
            Throwable t = se;
            Throwable rootError;
            do {
                rootError = t;
                t = ((ServletException)t).getRootCause();
            } while (t instanceof ServletException);
            if (t != null) {
                rootError = t;
            }
            // handle this in case AbortRequestSignal got wrapped
            // accidentally--e.g., inside a JSP.
            if (rootError != null
                && (rootError instanceof AbortRequestSignal)) {
                finishedNormal = true;
            } else if (rootError != null
                && (rootError instanceof RedirectSignal)) {
                s_log.debug("rethrowing RedirectSignal", rootError);
                throw (RedirectSignal)rootError;
            } else {
                s_log.error("error in BaseDispatcherServlet", rootError);
                throw new ServletException(rootError);
            }
        } catch (RuntimeException re) {
            s_log.error("error in BaseDispatcherServlet", re);
            throw re;
        } catch (Error error) {
            s_log.error("error in BaseDispatcherServlet", error);
            throw error;
        } finally {
            if (!reentrant) {
                DeveloperSupport.endStage("BaseDispatcherServlet.service()");
                // run the request listener events
                fireFinishedListener(
                                     new RequestEvent(req, resp, reqCtx, false, finishedNormal));
                // at this point, clear the attribute so
                // a secondary request will work
                // and remove the request from the list of currently-active
                // requests
                Object requestId = req.getAttribute(REENTRANCE_ATTRIBUTE);
                synchronized(s_activeList) {
                    s_activeList.remove(requestId);
                    s_activeList.notifyAll();
                }
                req.removeAttribute(REENTRANCE_ATTRIBUTE);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Processes a request when it is first handled by the servlet.  This
     * method runs exactly once for each request, even if the request is
     * reentrant.
     *
     * @return a tuple containing the updated request context and the request
     *
     * @throws com.arsdigita.dispatcher.RedirectException if the dispatcher
     * should redirect the client to the page contained in the exception
     **/
    private StartRequestRecord startRequest(HttpServletRequest req,
                                            HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws RedirectException, IOException, ServletException {

        // turn multipart request into wrapped request
        // to make up for servlet 2.2 brokenness
        req = DispatcherHelper.maybeWrapRequest(req);

        RequestContext reqCtx =
            new InitialRequestContext(req, getServletContext());

        // run the request listener events
        fireStartListener(new RequestEvent(req, resp, reqCtx, true));

        // Authenticate user AFTER request listeners because authentication
        // may need to use the database connection (opened by a listener).
        // Allow subclass to update request context with user info.
        reqCtx = authenticateUser(req, resp, reqCtx);

        // save the request context in the request
        DispatcherHelper.setRequestContext(req, reqCtx);

        return new StartRequestRecord(reqCtx, req);
    }

    /**
     * Fires all finished listeners.  Collects and logs errors to ensure
     * that all finished listeners run.
     *
     * @param evt the current RequestEvent to broadcast to all event
     * listeners
     */
    protected void fireFinishedListener(RequestEvent evt) {
        for (int i = 0 ; i < s_listenerList.size(); i++) {
            try {
                ((RequestListener)s_listenerList.get(i)).requestFinished(evt);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                s_log.error("Error running request finished listener " +
                            s_listenerList.get(i) + " (#" + i + ")", e);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Fires all start listeners.  Does <b>not</b> collect and log errors.
     * Instead, a runtime failure in a start listener will inhibit further
     *  servicing of the request.
     * @param evt the current RequestEvent to broadcast to all event
     * listeners
     */
    protected void fireStartListener(RequestEvent evt) {
        for (int i = 0 ; i < s_listenerList.size(); i++) {
            ((RequestListener)s_listenerList.get(i)).requestStarted(evt);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Kludge for returning a typed 2-tuple.
     */
    private class StartRequestRecord {
        RequestContext m_reqCtx;
        HttpServletRequest m_req;

        public StartRequestRecord(RequestContext rc, HttpServletRequest req) {
            m_reqCtx = rc;
            m_req = req;
        }
    }

    private void waitForPreviousRequestToFinish(HttpServletRequest req) {
        // handle concurrence -- serialize requests from the same
        // user agent, so that you can't follow a link/redirect from
        // a request until the request's transaction has committed

        // get identifier from previous request, if there is any
        HttpSession sess = req.getSession(false);
        if (sess != null) {
            Object sema = sess.getAttribute(REDIRECT_SEMAPHORE);
            if (sema != null) {
                while (s_activeList.indexOf(sema) != -1) {
                    try {
                        synchronized(s_activeList) {
                            s_activeList.wait();
                        }
                    } catch (InterruptedException ie) { }
                }
                sess.removeAttribute(REDIRECT_SEMAPHORE);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * helper method: if the current request URL points to a concrete
     * file under the webapp root, returns STATIC_FILE or JSP_FILE
     * indicating the type of file.  returns NOT_FOUND if no corresponding
     * concrete file exists.
     *
     * <p>If the concrete file is a directory, then we require
     * that the directory have a welcome file like index.*; this
     * prevents us from serving directory listings.  For
     * directories we return STATIC_FILE if there is a welcome file,
     * otherwise return NOT_FOUND.
     *
     * @return STATIC_FILE if the current request points to a concrete
     * static file (non-JSP) or a directory that has a welcome file.
     * returns JSP_FILE if it corresponds to a dynamic JSP file.
     * returns NOT_FOUND otherwise.
     */
    private int concreteFileType(HttpServletRequest req)
        throws ServletException, IOException {


        String path = DispatcherHelper.getCurrentResourcePath(req);

        ServletContext sctx = this.getServletContext();
        File realFile = new File(sctx.getRealPath(path));
        if (realFile.exists() &&
            (!realFile.isDirectory() || hasWelcomeFile(realFile))) {
            // yup.  Go there, bypass the site map.
            // we have a concrete file so no forwarding to
            // rewrite the request URL is necessary.
            if (realFile.getName().endsWith(".jsp")) {
                return JSP_FILE;
            } else {
                return STATIC_FILE;
            }
        } else {
            return NOT_FOUND;
        }
    }

    /**
     * returns true if dir is a directory and has a welcome file
     * like index.*.
     * @pre dir.isDirectory()
     */
    private boolean hasWelcomeFile(File dir) {
        if (!dir.isDirectory()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("dir must be a directory");
        }
        String[] files = dir.list();
        for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
            if (m_welcomeFiles.indexOf(files[i]) >= 0) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    private boolean trailingSlashRedirect(HttpServletRequest req,
                                          HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws IOException {
        String path = DispatcherHelper.getCurrentResourcePath(req);
        // first, see if we have an extension
        if (path.lastIndexOf(".") <= path.lastIndexOf("/")) {
            // maybe no extension. check if there's a trailing
            // slash already.
            if (!path.endsWith("/")) {
                // no trailing slash
                String targetURL = req.getContextPath() + path + "/";
                String query = req.getQueryString();
                if (query != null && query.length() > 0) {
                    targetURL += "?" + query;
                }
                resp.sendRedirect(resp.encodeRedirectURL(targetURL));
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * SAX content handler class to pick welcome-file-list out of
     * web.xml
     */
    private class WebXMLReader extends DefaultHandler {
        StringBuffer m_buffer = new StringBuffer();

        public InputSource resolveEntity(String publicId, String systemId)
                throws SAXException {
            // we don't want to read the web.xml dtd
            if (WEB_XML_22_PUBLIC_ID.equals(publicId)
                    || WEB_XML_23_PUBLIC_ID.equals(publicId)) {
                StringReader reader = new StringReader(" ");
                return new InputSource(reader);
            } else {
                try {
                    return super.resolveEntity(publicId, systemId);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    if (e instanceof SAXException) {
                        throw (SAXException) e;
                    } else {
                        throw new UncheckedWrapperException("Resolve Error", e);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int len) {
            for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                m_buffer.append(ch[start + i]);
            }
        }

        public void endElement(String uri,
                               String localName,
                               String qname) {
            if (qname.equals("welcome-file-list")) {
                String[] welcomeFiles =
                    StringUtils.split(m_buffer.toString(), ',');
                for (int i = 0; i < welcomeFiles.length; i++) {
                    m_welcomeFiles.add(welcomeFiles[i].trim());
                }
            }
            m_buffer = new StringBuffer();
        }
    }
}
